Using IoT and Artificial Intelligence to Detect, Manage, and Control H₂S in Crude Oil and Gas Exploration

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1. Understanding H₂S and Its Dangers

Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) is a highly toxic, corrosive, and flammable gas often found in crude oil and natural gas reservoirs. It is considered a sour gas and poses multiple risks:

Risk Type Impact

Health Hazard H₂S is lethal even at low concentrations (as low as 100 ppm).

Corrosion It reacts with water to form sulfuric acid, causing internal corrosion in pipes and equipment.

Operational Downtime Requires shutdown and evacuation if levels exceed safety thresholds.

Environmental and Regulatory Risk Releases are strictly regulated and monitored.

2. Traditional Challenges in H₂S Management

Challenge Description

Delayed Detection Manual gas testing leads to slow responses.

Non-continuous Monitoring Spot testing cannot identify transient spikes or leaks.

Remote Locations Many oilfields and wells are unmanned or offshore.

Corrosion Prediction Hard to link H₂S levels with real-time corrosion rates.

Complex Fluid Composition Coexistence with CO₂, water, and other compounds complicates detection and control.